![]() The universe of Heraclitus is in constant change, while remaining the same. Heraclitus, however, did not accept the Milesian monism and replaced their underlying material arche with a single, divine law of the universe, which he called Logos. According to Anaximenes, there was not so much a war of opposites, as a continuum of change. There was, according to Anaximander, a continual war of oppositesĪnaximenes of Miletus, a student and successor of Anaximander, replaced this infinite, boundless arche with air, a known element with neutral properties. Thus, the material world was said to be composed of an infinite, boundless apeiron from which arose the elements (earth, air, fire, water) and pairs of opposites (hot/cold, wet/dry). Anaximander posited that every element had an opposite, or was connected to an opposite (water is cold, fire is hot). Philosophers had for some time been contemplating the notion of opposites. The unity of opposites was first suggested to the western view by Heraclitus (c. 535 – c. 475 BC), a pre-Socratic Greek thinker. ![]() It defines a situation in which the existence or identity of a thing (or situation) depends on the co-existence of at least two conditions which are opposite to each other, yet dependent on each other and presupposing each other, within a field of tension. The unity of opposites is the central category of dialectics, said to be related to the notion of non-duality in a deep sense. Central category of dialectics, said to be related to non-duality in a deep sense
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